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Important Questions
Practice these important questions to strengthen your understanding
Question 1
True or False: Even after the passing of laws like the Child Marriage Restraint Act, over 20% of girls in India continued to be married before the age of 18.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
This question checks factual recall about the impact of social reform laws.
Despite the Child Marriage Restraint Act, child marriage remained prevalent due to social customs and enforcement challenges.
Students learn that legal reforms take time to change societal practices.
This question checks factual recall about the impact of social reform laws.
Despite the Child Marriage Restraint Act, child marriage remained prevalent due to social customs and enforcement challenges.
Students learn that legal reforms take time to change societal practices.
Question 2
How did the British land policies affect the traditional land system of the Mundas?
Answer:
b They destroyed traditional land rights and allowed outsiders to take over land
Explanation:
The British introduced land settlements that measured and fixed land rights and revenue. This system ignored the traditional clan ownership of land practiced by the Mundas. As a result, many tribal lands were taken over by landlords, moneylenders, and outsiders. The traditional communal land system was thus destroyed. Hence option b is the correct answer.
The British introduced land settlements that measured and fixed land rights and revenue. This system ignored the traditional clan ownership of land practiced by the Mundas. As a result, many tribal lands were taken over by landlords, moneylenders, and outsiders. The traditional communal land system was thus destroyed. Hence option b is the correct answer.
Question 3
Describe the environmental and health hazards associated with hazardous industries relocating to developing countries like India.
Answer:
Hazardous industries such as pesticide production, asbestos processing, and ship-breaking often relocate to developing countries due to weaker environmental laws.
These industries release toxic substances that contaminate air, water, and soil.
Workers and nearby communities face serious health risks including respiratory problems, cancers, and poisoning.
Environmental degradation affects biodiversity and natural resources.
Inadequate enforcement of safety and pollution control measures exacerbates these hazards.
These industries release toxic substances that contaminate air, water, and soil.
Workers and nearby communities face serious health risks including respiratory problems, cancers, and poisoning.
Environmental degradation affects biodiversity and natural resources.
Inadequate enforcement of safety and pollution control measures exacerbates these hazards.
Explanation:
Developing countries may lack strict regulations or enforcement, attracting hazardous industries.
These industries handle dangerous chemicals and materials that can harm human health.
Workers often work in unsafe conditions without proper protection.
Pollution from these industries can spread widely, affecting ecosystems and public health.
This situation highlights the need for stronger laws and international cooperation to protect vulnerable populations.
Developing countries may lack strict regulations or enforcement, attracting hazardous industries.
These industries handle dangerous chemicals and materials that can harm human health.
Workers often work in unsafe conditions without proper protection.
Pollution from these industries can spread widely, affecting ecosystems and public health.
This situation highlights the need for stronger laws and international cooperation to protect vulnerable populations.
Question 4
Who was Subhas Chandra Bose and what was his contribution to the freedom movement?
Answer:
Subhas Chandra Bose was a prominent Indian nationalist leader known for his radical approach.
He believed in armed struggle against British rule.
Bose formed the Indian National Army (INA) to fight alongside Axis powers during World War II.
He sought international support to overthrow British rule.
His slogan was 'Give me blood, and I will give you freedom.'
Though controversial, his efforts inspired many Indians and contributed to the momentum for independence.
He believed in armed struggle against British rule.
Bose formed the Indian National Army (INA) to fight alongside Axis powers during World War II.
He sought international support to overthrow British rule.
His slogan was 'Give me blood, and I will give you freedom.'
Though controversial, his efforts inspired many Indians and contributed to the momentum for independence.
Explanation:
Subhas Chandra Bose represents a different strand of the freedom movement focused on militant resistance.
Teachers can explain that while Gandhi promoted non-violence, Bose believed in direct action.
His leadership of the INA showed the global dimension of India's struggle.
This helps students appreciate the diversity of strategies used in the independence movement.
Subhas Chandra Bose represents a different strand of the freedom movement focused on militant resistance.
Teachers can explain that while Gandhi promoted non-violence, Bose believed in direct action.
His leadership of the INA showed the global dimension of India's struggle.
This helps students appreciate the diversity of strategies used in the independence movement.
Question 5
Which of the following best describes the British approach towards shifting cultivation?
Answer:
b They tried to settle shifting cultivators as peasants to ensure revenue
Explanation:
The British were uncomfortable with shifting cultivation because it involved moving from place to place and did not provide a steady revenue source. They tried to settle shifting cultivators as peasants with fixed land rights to make revenue collection easier. However, this policy was not fully successful as many cultivators resisted giving up their traditional practices. Therefore, option b best describes the British approach.
The British were uncomfortable with shifting cultivation because it involved moving from place to place and did not provide a steady revenue source. They tried to settle shifting cultivators as peasants with fixed land rights to make revenue collection easier. However, this policy was not fully successful as many cultivators resisted giving up their traditional practices. Therefore, option b best describes the British approach.
Question 6
Describe the impact of Tipu Sultan’s policies on the trade of sandalwood, pepper, and cardamom in the Malabar coast region.
Answer:
Tipu Sultan stopped the export of sandalwood, pepper, and cardamom through the ports of his kingdom. He disallowed local merchants from trading with the East India Company. This policy disrupted the Company’s trade in these valuable goods from the Malabar coast. It was a direct challenge to the British economic interests and contributed to tensions leading to military conflicts between Mysore and the British.
Explanation:
Tipu Sultan’s policies aimed to control trade within his kingdom and reduce British influence. By stopping the export of key spices and restricting local merchants from trading with the Company, he sought to protect Mysore’s economic interests and assert sovereignty. This affected the British trade profits and was one of the causes of conflict between Mysore and the British East India Company.
Tipu Sultan’s policies aimed to control trade within his kingdom and reduce British influence. By stopping the export of key spices and restricting local merchants from trading with the Company, he sought to protect Mysore’s economic interests and assert sovereignty. This affected the British trade profits and was one of the causes of conflict between Mysore and the British East India Company.
Question 7
How did the new system of government-regulated pathshalas affect the accessibility of education for children from poor families?
Answer:
The new regulated system demanded regular attendance and strict discipline, which conflicted with the needs of poor families whose children worked during harvest time. Previously, the flexible system allowed children to attend school around their work schedules. The new rules made irregular attendance appear as indiscipline, leading to difficulties for poor children to continue their education. As a result, many children from poor families found it harder to access education under the government-regulated pathshalas.
Explanation:
The regulated system's rigidity disadvantaged poor families who relied on their children's labor during critical agricultural periods. This change highlights how educational policies can unintentionally exclude marginalized groups. Teachers and students should understand the social implications of such policies and how flexibility in education can support inclusivity.
The regulated system's rigidity disadvantaged poor families who relied on their children's labor during critical agricultural periods. This change highlights how educational policies can unintentionally exclude marginalized groups. Teachers and students should understand the social implications of such policies and how flexibility in education can support inclusivity.
Question 8
Find out how the national movement was organised in your city, district, area or state. Who participated in it and who led it? What did the movement in your area achieve?
Answer:
Answer will vary depending on student's local research and findings.
Explanation:
This question requires students to conduct local research about the organisation of the national movement in their own area.
They should identify key leaders, participants, and the nature of the movement locally.
Students should also describe the achievements and impact of the movement in their region.
This exercise helps students connect national history with local experiences and understand the diversity of the freedom struggle across India.
This question requires students to conduct local research about the organisation of the national movement in their own area.
They should identify key leaders, participants, and the nature of the movement locally.
Students should also describe the achievements and impact of the movement in their region.
This exercise helps students connect national history with local experiences and understand the diversity of the freedom struggle across India.
Question 9
Why did Jyotirao Phule argue that the land belonged to the indigenous people and not the upper castes?
Answer:
Jyotirao Phule argued that the land belonged to the indigenous people because he believed that the Aryans, who were the ancestors of the upper castes, were foreigners who invaded and conquered the original inhabitants of the land. He claimed that before Aryan rule, the indigenous warrior-peasants tilled the land and ruled the countryside in just and fair ways. Therefore, the land rightfully belonged to these original inhabitants, the so-called lower castes, rather than the upper castes who had imposed their dominance through conquest.
Explanation:
Phule used historical and social reasoning to challenge the legitimacy of upper-caste claims to land and power. By identifying the Aryans as invaders, he questioned the basis of caste hierarchy and land ownership. This argument was important because land was a key source of economic and social power. Phule's stance empowered the lower castes by asserting their rightful claim to the land and encouraging them to resist upper-caste domination.
Phule used historical and social reasoning to challenge the legitimacy of upper-caste claims to land and power. By identifying the Aryans as invaders, he questioned the basis of caste hierarchy and land ownership. This argument was important because land was a key source of economic and social power. Phule's stance empowered the lower castes by asserting their rightful claim to the land and encouraging them to resist upper-caste domination.
Question 10
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions
Answer:
Diwani - right to collect land revenue, Tipu Sultan - “Tiger of Mysore”, faujdari adalat - criminal court, Rani Channamma - led an anti-British movement in Kitoor, sipahi - Sepoy
Explanation:
This matching exercise helps students associate key historical terms with their correct meanings or descriptions. Diwani refers to the right to collect land revenue, which was a crucial power acquired by the East India Company. Tipu Sultan was known as the “Tiger of Mysore” for his fierce resistance against the British. Faujdari adalat was the criminal court system introduced during Company rule. Rani Channamma led an anti-British rebellion in Kitoor, and sipahi is another term for a Sepoy, an Indian soldier in the Company’s army.
This matching exercise helps students associate key historical terms with their correct meanings or descriptions. Diwani refers to the right to collect land revenue, which was a crucial power acquired by the East India Company. Tipu Sultan was known as the “Tiger of Mysore” for his fierce resistance against the British. Faujdari adalat was the criminal court system introduced during Company rule. Rani Channamma led an anti-British rebellion in Kitoor, and sipahi is another term for a Sepoy, an Indian soldier in the Company’s army.
Question 11
If a local authority prohibits a community from celebrating a traditional festival that does not harm anyone, which Fundamental Right is being breached?
Answer:
The Fundamental Right being breached is the Right to Freedom of Religion. This right allows all citizens to practise, profess, and propagate their religion freely. Celebrating a traditional festival is part of religious and cultural practice, so prohibiting it violates this right.
Explanation:
The Right to Freedom of Religion guarantees that every person has the liberty to practise their religion without interference from the State.
Celebrating traditional festivals is an expression of religious and cultural freedom.
If a local authority stops a community from celebrating such a festival without any valid reason, it is an infringement on this right.
This right protects minority communities to preserve their cultural and religious identity.
The Right to Freedom of Religion guarantees that every person has the liberty to practise their religion without interference from the State.
Celebrating traditional festivals is an expression of religious and cultural freedom.
If a local authority stops a community from celebrating such a festival without any valid reason, it is an infringement on this right.
This right protects minority communities to preserve their cultural and religious identity.
Question 12
Can you list two different provisions in the 1989 Act that protect Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes from atrocities?
Answer:
1 Forcing a member of Scheduled Castes or Tribes to eat or drink any inedible or obnoxious substance is punishable. 2 Wrongful occupation or cultivation of land belonging to Scheduled Castes or Tribes is punishable.
Explanation:
The 1989 Act lists several protections for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. One provision punishes forcing them to consume inedible or harmful substances, which is a form of humiliation and violence. Another provision punishes wrongful occupation or cultivation of their land, protecting their property rights. These provisions aim to prevent physical and economic exploitation.
The 1989 Act lists several protections for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. One provision punishes forcing them to consume inedible or harmful substances, which is a form of humiliation and violence. Another provision punishes wrongful occupation or cultivation of their land, protecting their property rights. These provisions aim to prevent physical and economic exploitation.
Question 13
What was the main reason for the British fighting four wars against Mysore under Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan?
Answer:
The British fought four wars against Mysore because Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan threatened British political and economic interests.
Tipu Sultan stopped exports of valuable goods like sandalwood, pepper, and cardamom to the Company and allied with the French.
The Company saw Mysore's growing power and alliance with the French as a danger that had to be crushed.
Tipu Sultan stopped exports of valuable goods like sandalwood, pepper, and cardamom to the Company and allied with the French.
The Company saw Mysore's growing power and alliance with the French as a danger that had to be crushed.
Explanation:
Mysore controlled important trade routes and goods valuable to the British.
Tipu Sultan's alliance with the French alarmed the British as it could challenge their dominance.
The wars were fought to secure British supremacy and control over southern India.
The conflict was both political and economic in nature.
Mysore controlled important trade routes and goods valuable to the British.
Tipu Sultan's alliance with the French alarmed the British as it could challenge their dominance.
The wars were fought to secure British supremacy and control over southern India.
The conflict was both political and economic in nature.
Question 14
Fill in the blank The two courts established in each district under Warren Hastings were the __________ court and the __________ court
Answer:
criminal, civil
Explanation:
Under Warren Hastings' judicial reforms, each district was provided with two courts.
The criminal court was called the faujdari adalat, which dealt with criminal cases.
The civil court was called the diwani adalat, which handled civil matters like revenue and property disputes.
Thus, the two courts were the criminal court and the civil court.
Under Warren Hastings' judicial reforms, each district was provided with two courts.
The criminal court was called the faujdari adalat, which dealt with criminal cases.
The civil court was called the diwani adalat, which handled civil matters like revenue and property disputes.
Thus, the two courts were the criminal court and the civil court.
Question 15
What was the significance of Birsa Munda’s movement for tribal people?
Answer:
a It showed tribal capacity to protest and led to protective land laws
Explanation:
Birsa Munda’s movement was significant because it demonstrated that tribal people could organize and protest against injustice and colonial rule. It forced the British government to introduce laws to protect tribal land from being taken over by outsiders. The movement did not end resistance but inspired further struggles. Therefore, option a correctly captures the movement’s significance.
Birsa Munda’s movement was significant because it demonstrated that tribal people could organize and protest against injustice and colonial rule. It forced the British government to introduce laws to protect tribal land from being taken over by outsiders. The movement did not end resistance but inspired further struggles. Therefore, option a correctly captures the movement’s significance.
Question 16
Discuss the economic and social factors that made indigo cultivation oppressive for the ryots in Bengal.
Answer:
Economic factors included low prices paid to ryots for indigo, trapping them in a cycle of debt due to loans from planters.
Indigo cultivation required fertile land, reducing land available for food crops like rice.
The crop exhausted the soil, harming future harvests.
Socially, ryots faced coercion and violence from planters' agents and lathiyals.
They were forced into contracts and suffered loss of autonomy over their land and labor.
These factors combined to make indigo cultivation harsh and exploitative for the peasants.
Indigo cultivation required fertile land, reducing land available for food crops like rice.
The crop exhausted the soil, harming future harvests.
Socially, ryots faced coercion and violence from planters' agents and lathiyals.
They were forced into contracts and suffered loss of autonomy over their land and labor.
These factors combined to make indigo cultivation harsh and exploitative for the peasants.
Explanation:
This question requires analysis of multiple factors causing oppression.
Economically, the system was exploitative due to unfair pricing and indebtedness.
Socially, coercion and violence undermined peasants' rights and dignity.
Explaining these helps students understand the roots of peasant unrest and the complexity of colonial agrarian relations.
This question requires analysis of multiple factors causing oppression.
Economically, the system was exploitative due to unfair pricing and indebtedness.
Socially, coercion and violence undermined peasants' rights and dignity.
Explaining these helps students understand the roots of peasant unrest and the complexity of colonial agrarian relations.
Question 17
How did the British government’s control over pathshalas after 1854 influence the content and method of teaching?
Answer:
After 1854, the British government influenced the content and method of teaching by requiring the use of textbooks, regular classes, and annual examinations. Teaching became more standardized and focused on subjects approved by the government. Oral teaching methods were replaced by textbook-based learning, and the curriculum was aligned with colonial administrative needs rather than local traditions.
Explanation:
The British aimed to create a uniform education system that served their administrative and cultural goals. By controlling content and methods, they reduced the role of traditional oral teaching and local knowledge. This shift helped the British spread their language, values, and ideas, but also marginalized indigenous educational practices.
The British aimed to create a uniform education system that served their administrative and cultural goals. By controlling content and methods, they reduced the role of traditional oral teaching and local knowledge. This shift helped the British spread their language, values, and ideas, but also marginalized indigenous educational practices.
Question 18
Which of the following statements about human resources is correct?
Answer:
b Human resources include the knowledge, skills, and abilities of people
Explanation:
Human resources are not just about physical strength but also include mental abilities, knowledge, skills, and talents that people possess.
These qualities help in creating and managing other resources effectively.
Option (b) correctly describes human resources, while other options are incorrect or incomplete.
Human resources are not just about physical strength but also include mental abilities, knowledge, skills, and talents that people possess.
These qualities help in creating and managing other resources effectively.
Option (b) correctly describes human resources, while other options are incorrect or incomplete.
Question 19
Complete the sentence The Constitution of India ensures _______ which safeguard citizens against discrimination and abuse by those in power.
Answer:
Fundamental Rights
Explanation:
The Constitution of India ensures Fundamental Rights that protect citizens from discrimination and abuse by those in power. These rights uphold justice, equality, and freedom, forming the foundation of a democratic and secular society. They empower individuals to challenge unfair treatment and promote social harmony.
The Constitution of India ensures Fundamental Rights that protect citizens from discrimination and abuse by those in power. These rights uphold justice, equality, and freedom, forming the foundation of a democratic and secular society. They empower individuals to challenge unfair treatment and promote social harmony.
Question 20
Select the correct statement about the English factory on the Hugli river
Answer:
B It was a trading post with factors a warehouse and later a fortification
Explanation:
The English factory on the Hugli river was initially established as a trading post where Company factors operated. It included a warehouse to store goods and later was fortified to protect the settlement. It was not just a warehouse nor a military fort for conquest, and it was not a residential area for Mughal officials. Hence, option B correctly describes the factory.
The English factory on the Hugli river was initially established as a trading post where Company factors operated. It included a warehouse to store goods and later was fortified to protect the settlement. It was not just a warehouse nor a military fort for conquest, and it was not a residential area for Mughal officials. Hence, option B correctly describes the factory.
