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Important Questions
Practice these important questions to strengthen your understanding
Question 1
How does the lack of sanitation facilities affect public health, and what diseases are commonly linked to poor sanitation?
Answer:
Lack of sanitation leads to contamination of water and environment, spreading diseases. It causes water-borne illnesses such as diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera, and typhoid. Poor sanitation also contributes to parasitic infections and respiratory diseases. These illnesses particularly affect children under five, leading to high mortality rates. Improving sanitation reduces disease transmission and improves overall community health.
Explanation:
This question tests students’ knowledge of the health impact of sanitation. Teachers would explain the link between sanitation and disease prevention, emphasizing how safe disposal of human waste prevents contamination. The explanation helps students understand the importance of sanitation in public health and the types of diseases caused by poor sanitation.
This question tests students’ knowledge of the health impact of sanitation. Teachers would explain the link between sanitation and disease prevention, emphasizing how safe disposal of human waste prevents contamination. The explanation helps students understand the importance of sanitation in public health and the types of diseases caused by poor sanitation.
Question 2
Which of the following is NOT a method of conserving land resources?
Answer:
Urbanization is NOT a method of conserving land resources.
Explanation:
Conserving land resources involves methods that protect and maintain the quality and fertility of the land such as afforestation, regulated use of chemicals, and preventing overgrazing. Urbanization involves converting natural or agricultural land into urban areas, which often leads to land degradation rather than conservation.
Conserving land resources involves methods that protect and maintain the quality and fertility of the land such as afforestation, regulated use of chemicals, and preventing overgrazing. Urbanization involves converting natural or agricultural land into urban areas, which often leads to land degradation rather than conservation.
Question 3
Which of the following outcomes is directly linked to Porto Alegre’s universal access to safe water?
Answer:
B) Lower infant mortality rates in the city.
Explanation:
Universal access to safe water in Porto Alegre has led to a significant reduction in infant mortality rates. Safe water prevents many waterborne diseases that commonly affect infants and children. This outcome highlights the importance of reliable and safe water supply as a public health measure.
Universal access to safe water in Porto Alegre has led to a significant reduction in infant mortality rates. Safe water prevents many waterborne diseases that commonly affect infants and children. This outcome highlights the importance of reliable and safe water supply as a public health measure.
Question 4
Which of the following best describes the concept of social marginalisation?
Answer:
Social marginalisation refers to the process by which certain groups or communities are pushed to the edges or fringes of society, making them less central and often excluded from mainstream social, economic, and political activities.
Explanation:
Social marginalisation means being pushed to the margins or edges of society rather than being part of the main or dominant group. It often involves exclusion from resources, opportunities, and rights. This concept helps us understand why some groups feel left out or powerless in society.
Social marginalisation means being pushed to the margins or edges of society rather than being part of the main or dominant group. It often involves exclusion from resources, opportunities, and rights. This concept helps us understand why some groups feel left out or powerless in society.
Question 5
How did the British government’s response to the Quit India Movement affect the morale and strategies of Indian nationalists?
Answer:
The British government's harsh repression, including mass arrests and violence, initially dampened the movement's momentum.
However, it also strengthened the resolve of many nationalists who saw the need for more organized and sustained resistance.
Some leaders went underground, and new strategies such as sabotage and guerrilla tactics were adopted by certain groups.
The repression highlighted the oppressive nature of colonial rule, increasing sympathy for the nationalist cause both within India and internationally.
Overall, it led to a more radical and determined nationalist movement.
However, it also strengthened the resolve of many nationalists who saw the need for more organized and sustained resistance.
Some leaders went underground, and new strategies such as sabotage and guerrilla tactics were adopted by certain groups.
The repression highlighted the oppressive nature of colonial rule, increasing sympathy for the nationalist cause both within India and internationally.
Overall, it led to a more radical and determined nationalist movement.
Explanation:
The teacher would explain that while British repression was intended to crush the movement, it had the opposite effect of galvanizing many Indians. The response forced nationalists to rethink their strategies, moving beyond peaceful protests to more diverse forms of resistance. This question helps students understand cause and effect in historical movements and the evolution of political strategies.
The teacher would explain that while British repression was intended to crush the movement, it had the opposite effect of galvanizing many Indians. The response forced nationalists to rethink their strategies, moving beyond peaceful protests to more diverse forms of resistance. This question helps students understand cause and effect in historical movements and the evolution of political strategies.
Question 6
How did the British policy of allowing rulers to pass on their kingdoms to adopted heirs after 1857 differ from earlier policies?
Answer:
Before 1857, the British East India Company did not recognize adopted heirs as legitimate successors to kingdoms, often annexing territories when rulers died without natural heirs. After 1857, the British changed this policy and allowed rulers to pass on their kingdoms to adopted heirs, ensuring the continuity of dynasties. However, these rulers had to acknowledge the British Queen as their Sovereign Paramount, making them subordinate to the British Crown.
Explanation:
Before the rebellion of 1857, the British used the Doctrine of Lapse to annex kingdoms without natural heirs, refusing to recognize adopted sons as successors. This policy caused resentment among Indian rulers. After the rebellion, to prevent further unrest, the British assured rulers that their territories would not be annexed and that adopted heirs would be accepted. This change was a strategic move to secure loyalty and stabilize British rule. It reflected a shift from aggressive annexation to indirect control through loyal princely states.
Before the rebellion of 1857, the British used the Doctrine of Lapse to annex kingdoms without natural heirs, refusing to recognize adopted sons as successors. This policy caused resentment among Indian rulers. After the rebellion, to prevent further unrest, the British assured rulers that their territories would not be annexed and that adopted heirs would be accepted. This change was a strategic move to secure loyalty and stabilize British rule. It reflected a shift from aggressive annexation to indirect control through loyal princely states.
Question 7
What was the role of the Indigo Commission set up by the British government after the 1859 rebellion?
Answer:
The Indigo Commission was tasked with investigating the indigo cultivation system and the causes of the 1859 rebellion. It examined the grievances of the ryots and the conduct of the planters. The Commission found the planters guilty of coercion and exploitation, declared that indigo cultivation was not profitable for ryots, and recommended that ryots should fulfill existing contracts but could refuse to grow indigo in the future.
Explanation:
The Commission's role was investigative and advisory.
It collected evidence from ryots and planters to understand the causes of the rebellion.
It criticized the planters for their harsh methods and acknowledged the hardships faced by the ryots.
It recommended protecting ryots from forced indigo cultivation in the future.
This was an important step towards addressing the injustices in the indigo system.
The Commission's role was investigative and advisory.
It collected evidence from ryots and planters to understand the causes of the rebellion.
It criticized the planters for their harsh methods and acknowledged the hardships faced by the ryots.
It recommended protecting ryots from forced indigo cultivation in the future.
This was an important step towards addressing the injustices in the indigo system.
Question 8
Describe how the introduction of settled cultivation influenced social power dynamics and land ownership among tribal clans like the Mundas.
Answer:
The introduction of settled cultivation led to the establishment of permanent land ownership among tribal clans.
In clans like the Mundas, land belonged collectively to the clan as descendants of original settlers.
Some members gained more power, becoming chiefs while others became followers.
Powerful men often rented out land instead of cultivating it themselves.
This created social hierarchies and changed traditional communal land use into more individual or clan-based ownership.
In clans like the Mundas, land belonged collectively to the clan as descendants of original settlers.
Some members gained more power, becoming chiefs while others became followers.
Powerful men often rented out land instead of cultivating it themselves.
This created social hierarchies and changed traditional communal land use into more individual or clan-based ownership.
Explanation:
Settled cultivation required fixed land ownership, which altered the traditional shifting cultivation practices.
Among the Mundas, land rights were linked to clan membership and descent from original settlers.
This led to social stratification as some individuals gained more control over land.
Renting land introduced economic relationships and power imbalances.
Thus, settled cultivation transformed social power dynamics and land ownership patterns within tribal clans.
Settled cultivation required fixed land ownership, which altered the traditional shifting cultivation practices.
Among the Mundas, land rights were linked to clan membership and descent from original settlers.
This led to social stratification as some individuals gained more control over land.
Renting land introduced economic relationships and power imbalances.
Thus, settled cultivation transformed social power dynamics and land ownership patterns within tribal clans.
Question 9
Match the following statements to the correct leader:
A. Criticized Aryan supremacy and linked caste to conquest
B. Led temple entry movements in the 1920s
C. Preached one caste, one religion, one god
D. Organized leatherworkers to improve social status
A. Criticized Aryan supremacy and linked caste to conquest
B. Led temple entry movements in the 1920s
C. Preached one caste, one religion, one god
D. Organized leatherworkers to improve social status
Answer:
A - E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar)
B - Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
C - Shri Narayana Guru
D - Ayyankali
B - Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
C - Shri Narayana Guru
D - Ayyankali
Explanation:
This question requires knowledge of key social reformers and their contributions to caste reform in colonial India.
First, identify the leader who criticized Aryan supremacy and linked caste to conquest, which was Periyar's key argument.
Second, the temple entry movements in the 1920s were led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to allow Dalits access to temples.
Third, Shri Narayana Guru preached the idea of one caste, one religion, one god, promoting social equality.
Finally, Ayyankali organized leatherworkers, a marginalized community, to improve their social status.
This matching tests understanding of the leaders' ideologies and actions.
This question requires knowledge of key social reformers and their contributions to caste reform in colonial India.
First, identify the leader who criticized Aryan supremacy and linked caste to conquest, which was Periyar's key argument.
Second, the temple entry movements in the 1920s were led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to allow Dalits access to temples.
Third, Shri Narayana Guru preached the idea of one caste, one religion, one god, promoting social equality.
Finally, Ayyankali organized leatherworkers, a marginalized community, to improve their social status.
This matching tests understanding of the leaders' ideologies and actions.
Question 10
Discuss the role of public bonfires of foreign cloth during the Non-Cooperation Movement and their symbolic significance.
Answer:
During the Non-Cooperation Movement, people organized public bonfires of foreign cloth as a symbolic act of protest against British economic policies. These bonfires represented the rejection of British-made goods and the promotion of Indian-made products, especially khadi (hand-spun cloth). The act was a way to boycott foreign goods and hurt British economic interests. It also symbolized self-reliance and the desire for swaraj (self-rule). The drastic fall in imports of foreign cloth between 1920 and 1922 showed the effectiveness of this boycott.
Explanation:
The public bonfires were a powerful visual and collective expression of resistance. They helped unite people across different regions and social groups in a common cause. By burning foreign cloth, Indians were asserting their economic independence and rejecting colonial exploitation. This act also encouraged the revival of Indian industries and traditional crafts. Teachers can explain this by showing how symbolic acts can have real political and economic impact, inspiring students to appreciate the role of non-violent protest in history.
The public bonfires were a powerful visual and collective expression of resistance. They helped unite people across different regions and social groups in a common cause. By burning foreign cloth, Indians were asserting their economic independence and rejecting colonial exploitation. This act also encouraged the revival of Indian industries and traditional crafts. Teachers can explain this by showing how symbolic acts can have real political and economic impact, inspiring students to appreciate the role of non-violent protest in history.
Question 11
Fill in the blank The _______ Samaj, founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati, supported widow remarriage and social reforms in the nineteenth century.
Answer:
Arya
Explanation:
Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875. This reform organization aimed to purify Hinduism by removing caste restrictions and superstitions. It supported widow remarriage and other social reforms to improve the status of women and society. The Arya Samaj played an important role in promoting education and social equality during the nineteenth century.
Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875. This reform organization aimed to purify Hinduism by removing caste restrictions and superstitions. It supported widow remarriage and other social reforms to improve the status of women and society. The Arya Samaj played an important role in promoting education and social equality during the nineteenth century.
Question 12
Which article of the Indian Constitution recognizes the right to water as part of the Right to Life?
Answer:
Article 21 of the Indian Constitution recognizes the right to water as part of the Right to Life.
Explanation:
The Indian Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to its citizens. Article 21 specifically ensures the Right to Life, which has been interpreted by courts to include the right to safe and sufficient water. This means every person has the legal right to access water necessary for daily life.
The Indian Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to its citizens. Article 21 specifically ensures the Right to Life, which has been interpreted by courts to include the right to safe and sufficient water. This means every person has the legal right to access water necessary for daily life.
Question 13
The English traders were accused of enticing merchants to take protection under them.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
One of the accusations against the English traders was that they enticed local merchants to take protection under them, thereby undermining the Nawab's authority and control over trade and revenue. This tactic was part of the English strategy to expand their influence and control in Bengal, leading to increased tensions and eventual conflict.
One of the accusations against the English traders was that they enticed local merchants to take protection under them, thereby undermining the Nawab's authority and control over trade and revenue. This tactic was part of the English strategy to expand their influence and control in Bengal, leading to increased tensions and eventual conflict.
Question 14
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) was introduced to
Answer:
B) Allow any person or organization to file cases on behalf of those whose rights are violated
Explanation:
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) allows any individual or organization to approach the courts on behalf of people whose rights have been violated but who may not be able to approach the court themselves. This is a significant step in ensuring access to justice for all, especially marginalized groups.
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) allows any individual or organization to approach the courts on behalf of people whose rights have been violated but who may not be able to approach the court themselves. This is a significant step in ensuring access to justice for all, especially marginalized groups.
Question 15
Why are plains and river valleys more densely populated compared to mountainous or desert areas?
Answer:
Plains and river valleys are more densely populated because they offer suitable land for agriculture due to fertile soil and availability of water. They have gentle terrain which makes building settlements and infrastructure easier. In contrast, mountainous and desert areas have rugged terrain, poor soil, and limited water, making them less suitable for large populations.
Explanation:
Plains and river valleys provide fertile soil and adequate water supply which support farming and human settlements. Their flat terrain facilitates transportation and construction. Mountains and deserts often have harsh climates, poor soil, and difficult terrain, limiting their capacity to support dense populations.
Plains and river valleys provide fertile soil and adequate water supply which support farming and human settlements. Their flat terrain facilitates transportation and construction. Mountains and deserts often have harsh climates, poor soil, and difficult terrain, limiting their capacity to support dense populations.
Question 16
Why do more people live north of the Equator than south of the Equator?
Answer:
More people live north of the Equator because:
1. Larger landmass and more fertile plains are located in the Northern Hemisphere.
2. The Northern Hemisphere has more favorable climates for agriculture and settlement.
3. Historically, major civilizations and economic centers developed north of the Equator.
4. The Southern Hemisphere has more oceans and fewer large land areas, leading to lower population density.
1. Larger landmass and more fertile plains are located in the Northern Hemisphere.
2. The Northern Hemisphere has more favorable climates for agriculture and settlement.
3. Historically, major civilizations and economic centers developed north of the Equator.
4. The Southern Hemisphere has more oceans and fewer large land areas, leading to lower population density.
Explanation:
Population distribution depends on physical and historical factors.
The Northern Hemisphere has more land area suitable for farming and living.
Climate and historical development have concentrated populations north of the Equator.
Understanding these reasons helps explain global population patterns.
Population distribution depends on physical and historical factors.
The Northern Hemisphere has more land area suitable for farming and living.
Climate and historical development have concentrated populations north of the Equator.
Understanding these reasons helps explain global population patterns.
Question 17
Which court's decisions are binding on all other courts in India?
Answer:
c Supreme Court
Explanation:
The Supreme Court is the highest court in India and its decisions are binding on all other courts including High Courts and District Courts. This ensures uniformity and consistency in the interpretation of law across the country.
The Supreme Court is the highest court in India and its decisions are binding on all other courts including High Courts and District Courts. This ensures uniformity and consistency in the interpretation of law across the country.
Question 18
What role do citizens play after electing their representatives, according to the chapter?
Answer:
B) They should actively monitor and critique the actions of their MPs
Explanation:
The chapter emphasizes that citizens' role does not end with elections.
They are encouraged to use newspapers and media to track the work of their MPs and criticize when necessary.
This active involvement ensures that representatives remain accountable and responsive to the people's needs.
The chapter emphasizes that citizens' role does not end with elections.
They are encouraged to use newspapers and media to track the work of their MPs and criticize when necessary.
This active involvement ensures that representatives remain accountable and responsive to the people's needs.
Question 19
Which of the following best describes the education system in pathshalas before British regulation?
Answer:
B) Oral teaching with flexible schedules suited to local needs
Explanation:
Before British regulation, pathshalas were informal and flexible.
Teaching was oral, and schedules were adapted to local needs such as agricultural cycles.
There were no fixed timetables, printed textbooks, or mandatory fees.
Thus, option B best describes the education system in pathshalas before regulation.
Before British regulation, pathshalas were informal and flexible.
Teaching was oral, and schedules were adapted to local needs such as agricultural cycles.
There were no fixed timetables, printed textbooks, or mandatory fees.
Thus, option B best describes the education system in pathshalas before regulation.
Question 20
Which of the following best describes the attitude Gandhi advocated towards those who wronged you during a non-violent struggle?
Answer:
You will wish ill to no one, not even to those who may have wronged you.
Explanation:
Gandhiji's philosophy of non-violence includes the principle of not harboring ill will or hatred even towards those who cause harm or injustice. This attitude is essential to maintain moral high ground and to ensure that the struggle remains peaceful and constructive. It helps in transforming the oppressor by appealing to their conscience rather than seeking revenge or retaliation.
Gandhiji's philosophy of non-violence includes the principle of not harboring ill will or hatred even towards those who cause harm or injustice. This attitude is essential to maintain moral high ground and to ensure that the struggle remains peaceful and constructive. It helps in transforming the oppressor by appealing to their conscience rather than seeking revenge or retaliation.
